Small in size but huge in personality, the Chihuahua is easily recognizable and beloved worldwide. Chihuahua puppies have large, expressive eyes and alert ears that most people find irresistible. These little dogs, part of the toy breeds group, are known for loyalty, (over)confidence, cuteness, and charm.
Chihuahuas are generally healthy and have a long life expectancy of 14 to 16 years. However, some Chihuahuas develop chronic diseases or breed-specific health problems at some point in their lives.
The breed’s small size and genetics can contribute to a range of health issues that pet parents should be aware of to effectively care for their furry companions.
Whether raising a puppy or supporting a senior, Chihuahua owners are likely to encounter one or more common health issues. Here’s what you should know about Chihuahua health to help keep your pint-sized pup healthy.
Common Chihuahua health issues
1. Patellar luxation
Luxating patellas occur when the kneecap, which normally sits in a groove at the end of the femur, dislocates or moves out of place. Luxating patellas are common in small-breed dogs, and Chihuahuas are frequently affected. In one study, around a quarter of the Chihuahuas were affected by the condition.
You may notice intermittent lameness, skipping while walking, or a sudden yelp when the kneecap slips in or out of place. The abnormal movement isn’t usually painful, but the resulting arthritis and joint damage may cause pain over time.
Dislocation can happen in severe cases. Treatment includes weight management for overweight dogs, supplements to reduce joint pain, and possibly surgery.
2. Heart disease
Chihuahuas are prone to a heart condition called mitral valve disease (MVD), a progressive disorder that affects the valves separating the chambers on the left side of the heart.
As the valve deteriorates, it begins to leak, allowing blood to flow backward. The backward, turbulent blood flow creates a sound called a heart murmur. Severe cases may lead to heart failure over time. Symptoms of MVD may include:
- coughing
- lethargy
- In advanced stages, difficulty breathing due to fluid buildup in the lungs.
Although older Chihuahuas are at higher risk, MVD often first appears in middle age. Early diagnosis through regular checkups can improve long-term outcomes. Medications and supplements may help manage the disease and extend your dog’s lifespan.
3. Dental disease
With their small mouths and often persistent baby teeth, Chihuahuas are especially prone to dental problems. Crowded teeth make it easier for tartar and plaque to build up, leading to periodontal disease, gum inflammation, and even tooth loss.
Dental disease may also impact systemic health—bacteria from infected teeth may enter the bloodstream and affect the heart or kidneys. Routine dental cleanings, daily brushing, and vet-approved dental chews can help protect your Chihuahua’s oral health.
4. Tracheal collapse
Tracheal collapse is another health concern commonly seen in toy breeds, including Chihuahuas. The trachea, or windpipe, is a flexible tube supported by cartilage rings. In some dogs, these rings weaken over time, causing the airway to become flattened and narrowed.
A collapsing trachea causes chronic coughing and a hacking, honking, or gagging sound. Applying pressure to the neck, heat, excitement, and pulling on a collar can exacerbate symptoms.
Medication may help manage chronic coughing, but surgery may be needed in rare cases. Switching to a harness instead of a collar, controlling obesity, and avoiding airway irritants are straightforward ways to alleviate symptoms and enhance your Chihuahua’s quality of life.
5. Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar (i.e., hypoglycemia) is a potentially serious issue in Chihuahua puppies and very small adults. Chihuahuas’ tiny bodies store less glucose, and they burn through it quickly, especially if they’re stressed, cold, or not eating well.
Signs of low blood sugar include tremors, lethargy, confusion, and seizures. Feeding small, frequent meals can prevent dips in blood sugar levels. If your Chihuahua develops low energy or weakness, consult your veterinarian.
6. Eye problems
Chihuahuas’ prominent, shallow-set eyes are part of their expressive charm, but this endearing feature also makes them more vulnerable to eye problems. Common issues include dry eye (i.e., keratoconjunctivitis sicca), glaucoma, and cataracts.
Schedule a vet visit if you notice your Chihuahua squinting, tearing, or bumping into objects. Early detection and treatment may protect your dog’s vision and comfort.
Genetics and responsible Chihuahua breeding
Most breed-related health problems are rooted in genetics. Conditions like patellar luxation, heart disease, and specific eye problems may be inherited or passed down through generations.
Screening dogs for breed-specific health risks, such as luxating patella, mitral valve disease, and inherited eye disorders, can reduce the incidence of these inherited diseases in puppies.
We don’t have tests for every genetic disease in dogs, which means that screening won’t identify every problematic breeding pet or gene. However, screening parents for known risks can reduce the chances that Chihuahua puppies will inherit serious problems.
Preventing common Chihuahua health issues
While some Chihuahua health concerns are inherited, pet parents can take steps to minimize health problems. Here are a few practical steps you can take to support your dog’s well-being.
1. Maintain a healthy weight
Obesity stresses joints, worsens patellar luxation, and can make heart conditions harder to manage. Because Chihuahuas are small, even a small weight gain can have significant effects. Feed your dog a veterinarian-recommended dog food and stick to the low end of the amount suggested on the bag. Avoid leaving food out all the time (i.e., free-feeding) and limit high-calorie treats.
Many Chihuahuas are homebodies who prefer napping over exercise, but encouraging daily walks and gentle play can help them maintain a healthy weight.
2. Prioritize dental care
A proactive approach is required to manage dental disease in Chihuahuas. Don’t wait for signs like tartar accumulation or bad breath to appear before visiting the vet or scheduling a routine cleaning. Daily toothbrushing, combined with dental diets, water additives, or dental chews, supports oral health.
3. Schedule veterinary checkups at regular intervals
Routine veterinary care is crucial for detecting health issues early, before they become severe or untreatable. Your vet can listen for a heart murmur, monitor blood sugar levels, and spot early signs of dental disease, eye problems, or other health conditions, and provide treatment to prevent them from worsening.
Proactive Chihuahua ownership
Chihuahuas are fiercely loyal, endlessly entertaining, and full of heart. Focusing on prevention, early detection, and sound nutrition gives your pup the best chance at a long, healthy life.
At JustFoodForDogs, we believe fresh, human-grade dog food can support overall health. Our veterinarian-formulated recipes are designed to provide complete and balanced nutrition, helping your pup thrive.
If you’re curious how fresh food could benefit your Chihuahua’s health, contact our team of trained nutrition consultants and veterinary professionals. We can work with you and your veterinarian to find the right recipe or create a custom formulation that fits your dog’s specific needs.
This content is for informational use only and does not replace professional nutrition and/or medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is not a substitute for and should not be relied upon for specific nutrition and/or medical recommendations. Please talk with your veterinarian about any questions or concerns.
Sources
American Kennel Club. 2017. “American Kennel Club.” American Kennel Club. November 6, 2017. https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/chihuahua/.
Nilsson, K., S. Zanders, and S. Malm. 2018. “Heritability of Patellar Luxation in the Chihuahua and Bichon Frise Breeds of Dogs and Effectiveness of a Swedish Screening Programme.” The Veterinary Journal 234 (April): 136–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.01.010.
O’Neill, Dan G., Rowena M. A. Packer, Meghan Lobb, David B. Church, Dave C. Brodbelt, and Camilla Pegram. 2020. “Demography and Commonly Recorded Clinical Conditions of Chihuahuas under Primary Veterinary Care in the UK in 2016.” BMC Veterinary Research 16 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-2258-1.
